The periodic table is made up of 118 elements. Of the 17 known radioactive isotopes of the element, bromine-77 has the longest half-life (57 hours). Natural bromine is a mixture of two stable isotopes: bromine-79 (50.54 percent) and bromine-81 (49.46 percent). Jordan, Israel, China, and the United States led the world in bromine production in the early 21st century other important bromine-producing countries during that period include Japan, Ukraine, and India. Natural salt deposits and brines are the main sources of bromine and its compounds. Some enrichment occurs in ocean water (65 parts per million by weight), in the Dead Sea (approximately 5 grams per litre ), in some thermal springs, and in rare insoluble silver bromide minerals (such as bromyrite, found in Mexico and Chile). (The German chemist Justus von Liebig appears to have obtained the element before Balard, but he wrongly considered it to be iodine chloride.) Because of the bad odour of the element, the French Academy of Sciences suggested the name bromine, from the Greek word bromos, meaning “bad smell” or “stench.” Occurrence and distributionĪ rare element, bromine is found in nature dispersed throughout Earth’s crust only in compounds as soluble and insoluble bromides. The similarity of this procedure to that for making chlorine suggested to Balard that he had obtained a new element similar to chlorine. Distillation of the material with manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid produced red vapours, which condensed to a dark liquid. He liberated the element by passing chlorine through an aqueous solution of the residues, which contained magnesium bromide. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!īromine was discovered in 1826 by the French chemist Antoine-Jérôme Balard in the residues ( bitterns) from the manufacture of sea salt at Montpellier.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.From tech to household and wellness products. Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions. This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.
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